A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications

Autores
Zheng, Kai; Xie, Ning; Deng, Yuanbin; Febbo, Mariano; Broeckmann, Christoph; Liu, Pengfei
Año de publicación
2026
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has long been regarded as the gold standard material for piezoelectric sensorsowing to its outstanding piezoelectric performance (d33 = 500–600 pC/N) and well-established industrial scalability.However, its environmental toxicity, limited mechanical flexibility, and instability under extreme conditionsmake it less suitable for wearable electronics, biomedical implants, and high-temperature sensing. Theselimitations have spurred intensive efforts to develop lead-free ceramic piezoelectric materials as more sustainableand versatile alternatives. Recent advancements in this field highlight the increasing potential of lead-free systemsto rival or even surpass conventional PZT-based devices. This review systematically explores the latestprogress in lead-free piezoelectric materials, focusing on two major directions: the formulation of alternativecompositions such as potassium sodium niobate (KNN) and bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) that aim to achievecomparable performance metrics, and the development of intelligent sensing systems that offer enhancedsensitivity, broader operational temperature ranges, and mechanical adaptability. Rather than focusing solely onreplacing toxic components, this review proposes a multidimensional evaluation framework that considerspiezoelectric coefficients, dielectric properties, and mechanical compliance as equally critical parameters.Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is discussed as an emerging tool to accelerate the discoveryand optimization of high-performance lead-free compounds. Looking ahead, the field is anticipated tomove toward the realization of intelligent, flexible, and multifunctional sensing platforms for use in self-poweredsystems, harsh environments, and advanced energy harvesting technologies, signifying a crucial shift towardsustainable piezoelectric device innovation.
Fil: Zheng, Kai. RWTH Aachen University; Alemania
Fil: Xie, Ning. University of Jinan; China
Fil: Deng, Yuanbin. RWTH Aachen University; Alemania
Fil: Febbo, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina
Fil: Broeckmann, Christoph. Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen; Alemania
Fil: Liu, Pengfei. RWTH Aachen University; Alemania
Materia
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Multidimensional performance evaluation
Inteligent sensor
Energy harvesting
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/285699
Acceder
id CONICETDig_29b7198489b8abafe7235de37f3dc4d5
oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/285699
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applicationsZheng, KaiXie, NingDeng, YuanbinFebbo, MarianoBroeckmann, ChristophLiu, PengfeiLead-free piezoelectric ceramicsMultidimensional performance evaluationInteligent sensorEnergy harvestinghttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has long been regarded as the gold standard material for piezoelectric sensorsowing to its outstanding piezoelectric performance (d33 = 500–600 pC/N) and well-established industrial scalability.However, its environmental toxicity, limited mechanical flexibility, and instability under extreme conditionsmake it less suitable for wearable electronics, biomedical implants, and high-temperature sensing. Theselimitations have spurred intensive efforts to develop lead-free ceramic piezoelectric materials as more sustainableand versatile alternatives. Recent advancements in this field highlight the increasing potential of lead-free systemsto rival or even surpass conventional PZT-based devices. This review systematically explores the latestprogress in lead-free piezoelectric materials, focusing on two major directions: the formulation of alternativecompositions such as potassium sodium niobate (KNN) and bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) that aim to achievecomparable performance metrics, and the development of intelligent sensing systems that offer enhancedsensitivity, broader operational temperature ranges, and mechanical adaptability. Rather than focusing solely onreplacing toxic components, this review proposes a multidimensional evaluation framework that considerspiezoelectric coefficients, dielectric properties, and mechanical compliance as equally critical parameters.Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is discussed as an emerging tool to accelerate the discoveryand optimization of high-performance lead-free compounds. Looking ahead, the field is anticipated tomove toward the realization of intelligent, flexible, and multifunctional sensing platforms for use in self-poweredsystems, harsh environments, and advanced energy harvesting technologies, signifying a crucial shift towardsustainable piezoelectric device innovation.Fil: Zheng, Kai. RWTH Aachen University; AlemaniaFil: Xie, Ning. University of Jinan; ChinaFil: Deng, Yuanbin. RWTH Aachen University; AlemaniaFil: Febbo, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Broeckmann, Christoph. Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen; AlemaniaFil: Liu, Pengfei. RWTH Aachen University; AlemaniaElsevier Science SA2026-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/285699Zheng, Kai; Xie, Ning; Deng, Yuanbin; Febbo, Mariano; Broeckmann, Christoph; et al.; A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications; Elsevier Science SA; Chemical Engineering Journal; 528; 528; 1-2026; 172363-1723761385-8947CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1385894725132129info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.cej.2025.172363info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2026-08-25T14:30:37Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/285699instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982026-08-25 14:30:38.09CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
title A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
spellingShingle A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
Zheng, Kai
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Multidimensional performance evaluation
Inteligent sensor
Energy harvesting
title_short A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
title_full A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
title_fullStr A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
title_full_unstemmed A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
title_sort A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Zheng, Kai
Xie, Ning
Deng, Yuanbin
Febbo, Mariano
Broeckmann, Christoph
Liu, Pengfei
author Zheng, Kai
author_facet Zheng, Kai
Xie, Ning
Deng, Yuanbin
Febbo, Mariano
Broeckmann, Christoph
Liu, Pengfei
author_role author
author2 Xie, Ning
Deng, Yuanbin
Febbo, Mariano
Broeckmann, Christoph
Liu, Pengfei
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Multidimensional performance evaluation
Inteligent sensor
Energy harvesting
topic Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Multidimensional performance evaluation
Inteligent sensor
Energy harvesting
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has long been regarded as the gold standard material for piezoelectric sensorsowing to its outstanding piezoelectric performance (d33 = 500–600 pC/N) and well-established industrial scalability.However, its environmental toxicity, limited mechanical flexibility, and instability under extreme conditionsmake it less suitable for wearable electronics, biomedical implants, and high-temperature sensing. Theselimitations have spurred intensive efforts to develop lead-free ceramic piezoelectric materials as more sustainableand versatile alternatives. Recent advancements in this field highlight the increasing potential of lead-free systemsto rival or even surpass conventional PZT-based devices. This review systematically explores the latestprogress in lead-free piezoelectric materials, focusing on two major directions: the formulation of alternativecompositions such as potassium sodium niobate (KNN) and bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) that aim to achievecomparable performance metrics, and the development of intelligent sensing systems that offer enhancedsensitivity, broader operational temperature ranges, and mechanical adaptability. Rather than focusing solely onreplacing toxic components, this review proposes a multidimensional evaluation framework that considerspiezoelectric coefficients, dielectric properties, and mechanical compliance as equally critical parameters.Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is discussed as an emerging tool to accelerate the discoveryand optimization of high-performance lead-free compounds. Looking ahead, the field is anticipated tomove toward the realization of intelligent, flexible, and multifunctional sensing platforms for use in self-poweredsystems, harsh environments, and advanced energy harvesting technologies, signifying a crucial shift towardsustainable piezoelectric device innovation.
Fil: Zheng, Kai. RWTH Aachen University; Alemania
Fil: Xie, Ning. University of Jinan; China
Fil: Deng, Yuanbin. RWTH Aachen University; Alemania
Fil: Febbo, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina
Fil: Broeckmann, Christoph. Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen; Alemania
Fil: Liu, Pengfei. RWTH Aachen University; Alemania
description Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has long been regarded as the gold standard material for piezoelectric sensorsowing to its outstanding piezoelectric performance (d33 = 500–600 pC/N) and well-established industrial scalability.However, its environmental toxicity, limited mechanical flexibility, and instability under extreme conditionsmake it less suitable for wearable electronics, biomedical implants, and high-temperature sensing. Theselimitations have spurred intensive efforts to develop lead-free ceramic piezoelectric materials as more sustainableand versatile alternatives. Recent advancements in this field highlight the increasing potential of lead-free systemsto rival or even surpass conventional PZT-based devices. This review systematically explores the latestprogress in lead-free piezoelectric materials, focusing on two major directions: the formulation of alternativecompositions such as potassium sodium niobate (KNN) and bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) that aim to achievecomparable performance metrics, and the development of intelligent sensing systems that offer enhancedsensitivity, broader operational temperature ranges, and mechanical adaptability. Rather than focusing solely onreplacing toxic components, this review proposes a multidimensional evaluation framework that considerspiezoelectric coefficients, dielectric properties, and mechanical compliance as equally critical parameters.Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is discussed as an emerging tool to accelerate the discoveryand optimization of high-performance lead-free compounds. Looking ahead, the field is anticipated tomove toward the realization of intelligent, flexible, and multifunctional sensing platforms for use in self-poweredsystems, harsh environments, and advanced energy harvesting technologies, signifying a crucial shift towardsustainable piezoelectric device innovation.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/285699
Zheng, Kai; Xie, Ning; Deng, Yuanbin; Febbo, Mariano; Broeckmann, Christoph; et al.; A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications; Elsevier Science SA; Chemical Engineering Journal; 528; 528; 1-2026; 172363-172376
1385-8947
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/285699
identifier_str_mv Zheng, Kai; Xie, Ning; Deng, Yuanbin; Febbo, Mariano; Broeckmann, Christoph; et al.; A review on lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensors for sustainable and intelligent applications; Elsevier Science SA; Chemical Engineering Journal; 528; 528; 1-2026; 172363-172376
1385-8947
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1385894725132129
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.cej.2025.172363
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Science SA
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Science SA
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
_version_ 1874774027905531904
score 13.265058

Publicaciones similares