Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting

Autores
Braga, Paulo; R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline; Pinto, Camila P.; França, Silvia C. A.; Rosales, Gustavo Daniel
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The lithium market has been expanding due to the high demand for lithium-ion batteries, which are essential for electric and hybrid vehicles as well as portable devices. This has driven the search for new lithium ore deposits and the development of more efficient extraction and processing technologies. The main methods used for lithium extraction from hard rock ores include the acid process, the alkaline process, and chlorination roasting. This study investigated a chlorination process applied to α-spodumene extracted in Brazil for lithium chloride (LiCl) production. The ore underwent thermal treatment in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), followed by water leaching at 90 ◦C. The thermodynamics of the α-Li2O·Al2O3·SiO2 system, combined with calcium and magnesium chlorides, was analyzed using HSC 5.1 software. The main objective of this study was to produce lithium chloride from alpha spodumene and avoid decrepitation of the ore to the beta phase before mixing with the reagents, making the process faster and less expensive compared to traditional extraction methods. Pyrometallurgical tests were conducted in a muffle furnace, varying the molar ratio between chlorides (MgCl2:CaCl2) at 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 and the mass ratio of spodumene to chlorides at 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The best lithium extraction result was approximately 95%, the conditions for obtaining the result were a spodumene:chloride ratio of 1:6 and a molar ratio between chlorides of 2:1. The results provide a better understanding of the chlorination roasting process and demonstrate the potential of the chlorination technique as a viable alternative to conventional lithium extraction methods.
Fil: Braga, Paulo. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: Pinto, Camila P.. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: França, Silvia C. A.. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: Rosales, Gustavo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
Materia
LITHIUM CHLORIDE
CHLORINATION ROASTING
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/290856
Acceder
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network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roastingBraga, PauloR. dos S.Brigido, CarolinePinto, Camila P.França, Silvia C. A.Rosales, Gustavo DanielLITHIUM CHLORIDECHLORINATION ROASTINGhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.4https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2The lithium market has been expanding due to the high demand for lithium-ion batteries, which are essential for electric and hybrid vehicles as well as portable devices. This has driven the search for new lithium ore deposits and the development of more efficient extraction and processing technologies. The main methods used for lithium extraction from hard rock ores include the acid process, the alkaline process, and chlorination roasting. This study investigated a chlorination process applied to α-spodumene extracted in Brazil for lithium chloride (LiCl) production. The ore underwent thermal treatment in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), followed by water leaching at 90 ◦C. The thermodynamics of the α-Li2O·Al2O3·SiO2 system, combined with calcium and magnesium chlorides, was analyzed using HSC 5.1 software. The main objective of this study was to produce lithium chloride from alpha spodumene and avoid decrepitation of the ore to the beta phase before mixing with the reagents, making the process faster and less expensive compared to traditional extraction methods. Pyrometallurgical tests were conducted in a muffle furnace, varying the molar ratio between chlorides (MgCl2:CaCl2) at 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 and the mass ratio of spodumene to chlorides at 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The best lithium extraction result was approximately 95%, the conditions for obtaining the result were a spodumene:chloride ratio of 1:6 and a molar ratio between chlorides of 2:1. The results provide a better understanding of the chlorination roasting process and demonstrate the potential of the chlorination technique as a viable alternative to conventional lithium extraction methods.Fil: Braga, Paulo. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; BrasilFil: R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; BrasilFil: Pinto, Camila P.. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; BrasilFil: França, Silvia C. A.. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; BrasilFil: Rosales, Gustavo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute2025-05-19info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/290856Braga, Paulo; R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline ; Pinto, Camila P.; França, Silvia C. A.; Rosales, Gustavo Daniel; Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Mining; 5; 1; 19-5-2025; 1-122673-6489CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6489/5/1/19info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/mining5010019info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2026-08-25T15:42:25Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/290856instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982026-08-25 15:42:25.332CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
title Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
spellingShingle Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
Braga, Paulo
LITHIUM CHLORIDE
CHLORINATION ROASTING
title_short Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
title_full Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
title_fullStr Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
title_full_unstemmed Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
title_sort Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Braga, Paulo
R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline
Pinto, Camila P.
França, Silvia C. A.
Rosales, Gustavo Daniel
author Braga, Paulo
author_facet Braga, Paulo
R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline
Pinto, Camila P.
França, Silvia C. A.
Rosales, Gustavo Daniel
author_role author
author2 R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline
Pinto, Camila P.
França, Silvia C. A.
Rosales, Gustavo Daniel
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv LITHIUM CHLORIDE
CHLORINATION ROASTING
topic LITHIUM CHLORIDE
CHLORINATION ROASTING
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.4
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The lithium market has been expanding due to the high demand for lithium-ion batteries, which are essential for electric and hybrid vehicles as well as portable devices. This has driven the search for new lithium ore deposits and the development of more efficient extraction and processing technologies. The main methods used for lithium extraction from hard rock ores include the acid process, the alkaline process, and chlorination roasting. This study investigated a chlorination process applied to α-spodumene extracted in Brazil for lithium chloride (LiCl) production. The ore underwent thermal treatment in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), followed by water leaching at 90 ◦C. The thermodynamics of the α-Li2O·Al2O3·SiO2 system, combined with calcium and magnesium chlorides, was analyzed using HSC 5.1 software. The main objective of this study was to produce lithium chloride from alpha spodumene and avoid decrepitation of the ore to the beta phase before mixing with the reagents, making the process faster and less expensive compared to traditional extraction methods. Pyrometallurgical tests were conducted in a muffle furnace, varying the molar ratio between chlorides (MgCl2:CaCl2) at 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 and the mass ratio of spodumene to chlorides at 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The best lithium extraction result was approximately 95%, the conditions for obtaining the result were a spodumene:chloride ratio of 1:6 and a molar ratio between chlorides of 2:1. The results provide a better understanding of the chlorination roasting process and demonstrate the potential of the chlorination technique as a viable alternative to conventional lithium extraction methods.
Fil: Braga, Paulo. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: Pinto, Camila P.. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: França, Silvia C. A.. Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication. Center for Mineral Technology; Brasil
Fil: Rosales, Gustavo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina
description The lithium market has been expanding due to the high demand for lithium-ion batteries, which are essential for electric and hybrid vehicles as well as portable devices. This has driven the search for new lithium ore deposits and the development of more efficient extraction and processing technologies. The main methods used for lithium extraction from hard rock ores include the acid process, the alkaline process, and chlorination roasting. This study investigated a chlorination process applied to α-spodumene extracted in Brazil for lithium chloride (LiCl) production. The ore underwent thermal treatment in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), followed by water leaching at 90 ◦C. The thermodynamics of the α-Li2O·Al2O3·SiO2 system, combined with calcium and magnesium chlorides, was analyzed using HSC 5.1 software. The main objective of this study was to produce lithium chloride from alpha spodumene and avoid decrepitation of the ore to the beta phase before mixing with the reagents, making the process faster and less expensive compared to traditional extraction methods. Pyrometallurgical tests were conducted in a muffle furnace, varying the molar ratio between chlorides (MgCl2:CaCl2) at 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 and the mass ratio of spodumene to chlorides at 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The best lithium extraction result was approximately 95%, the conditions for obtaining the result were a spodumene:chloride ratio of 1:6 and a molar ratio between chlorides of 2:1. The results provide a better understanding of the chlorination roasting process and demonstrate the potential of the chlorination technique as a viable alternative to conventional lithium extraction methods.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-19
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/290856
Braga, Paulo; R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline ; Pinto, Camila P.; França, Silvia C. A.; Rosales, Gustavo Daniel; Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Mining; 5; 1; 19-5-2025; 1-12
2673-6489
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/290856
identifier_str_mv Braga, Paulo; R. dos S.Brigido, Caroline ; Pinto, Camila P.; França, Silvia C. A.; Rosales, Gustavo Daniel; Extracting lithium from Brazilian α-Spodumene via chlorination roasting; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Mining; 5; 1; 19-5-2025; 1-12
2673-6489
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6489/5/1/19
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/mining5010019
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.24418

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