Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps

Autores
Angelozzi, Valentin; Salvagiotti, Fernando; Rotundo, Jose Luis; Di Mauro, Guido
Año de publicación
2026
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Context: Nitrogen (N) is the most extracted nutrient and exported by soybean crops, yet estimates of N balance in commercial farming systems with reduced yield gaps (i.e. difference between water-limited yield potential and farmers´ yield) remain limited. Objective: This study quantified the N balance and its components of high-yielding soybean systems at the farm scale in the Rolling Pampas region of Argentina. Methods: Twenty-three on-farm trials compared conventional management practices with a high-input strategy incorporating additional inputs not typically used by local farmers. We measured total N uptake, seed N removal, seed protein concentration, and the contributions of N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method, and from the soil (%Nsoil). We estimated the N-gap as the difference between N uptake and N derived from the atmosphere; and apparent N balance as the difference between N derived from the atmosphere and seed N removal. Results: High-input management increased total N uptake (3.5 %) and seed N removal (4 %), driven by 17 % increase in %Nsoil. However, %Ndfa remained unchanged. A strong positive relationship was found between %Ndfa and apparent N balance, with 72 % %Ndfa required to achieve neutral balance. Fields with low yield gaps (0–5 % yield gap) exhibited higher N uptake (14 %), %Ndfa (11 %), seed N removal (17 %), and improved N balances of −32 kg N ha −1 compared to −40 kg N ha −1 of fields with high yield gaps (15–20 % yield gap). Conclusions: Input intensification enhanced N uptake and removal but did not improve %Ndfa, exacerbating N balances. Fields with low yield gaps showed more favorable N balance than fields with high gaps. Implications: Sustainable improvements in N balance will require integrated, long-term management beyond single season input intensification.
EEA Oliveros
Fil: Angelozzi, Valentin. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; Argentina
Fil: Salvagiotti, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; Argentina
Fil: Salvagiotti, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; Argentina
Fil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Di Mauro, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; Argentina
Fil: Di Mauro, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Di Mauro, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fuente
Field Crops Research 336 : 110213. (February 2026)
Materia
Soja
Rendimiento
Diferencia de Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Balance de Nitrógeno
Fijación Biológica del Nitrógeno
Soybeans
Yields
Yield Gap
Nitrogen
Nitrogen Balance
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/27095
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/27095
network_acronym_str INTADig
repository_id_str l
network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gapsAngelozzi, ValentinSalvagiotti, FernandoRotundo, Jose LuisDi Mauro, GuidoSojaRendimientoDiferencia de RendimientoNitrógenoBalance de NitrógenoFijación Biológica del NitrógenoSoybeansYieldsYield GapNitrogenNitrogen BalanceBiological Nitrogen FixationContext: Nitrogen (N) is the most extracted nutrient and exported by soybean crops, yet estimates of N balance in commercial farming systems with reduced yield gaps (i.e. difference between water-limited yield potential and farmers´ yield) remain limited. Objective: This study quantified the N balance and its components of high-yielding soybean systems at the farm scale in the Rolling Pampas region of Argentina. Methods: Twenty-three on-farm trials compared conventional management practices with a high-input strategy incorporating additional inputs not typically used by local farmers. We measured total N uptake, seed N removal, seed protein concentration, and the contributions of N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method, and from the soil (%Nsoil). We estimated the N-gap as the difference between N uptake and N derived from the atmosphere; and apparent N balance as the difference between N derived from the atmosphere and seed N removal. Results: High-input management increased total N uptake (3.5 %) and seed N removal (4 %), driven by 17 % increase in %Nsoil. However, %Ndfa remained unchanged. A strong positive relationship was found between %Ndfa and apparent N balance, with 72 % %Ndfa required to achieve neutral balance. Fields with low yield gaps (0–5 % yield gap) exhibited higher N uptake (14 %), %Ndfa (11 %), seed N removal (17 %), and improved N balances of −32 kg N ha −1 compared to −40 kg N ha −1 of fields with high yield gaps (15–20 % yield gap). Conclusions: Input intensification enhanced N uptake and removal but did not improve %Ndfa, exacerbating N balances. Fields with low yield gaps showed more favorable N balance than fields with high gaps. Implications: Sustainable improvements in N balance will require integrated, long-term management beyond single season input intensification.EEA OliverosFil: Angelozzi, Valentin. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; ArgentinaFil: Salvagiotti, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Salvagiotti, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; ArgentinaFil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Di Mauro, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; ArgentinaFil: Di Mauro, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Di Mauro, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaElsevier2026-07-22T12:58:08Z2026-07-22T12:58:08Z2026-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/27095https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03784290250047820378-42901872-6852https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110213Field Crops Research 336 : 110213. (February 2026)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNCYO-1127032/AR./Tecnologías de manejo de cultivos en sistemas basados en cereales y oleaginosas, enfocadas en las demandas territoriales.info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PE-E1-I011-001, Intensificacion Sustentable de la Agricultura en la Region Pampeanainfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2026-09-24T11:43:29Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/27095instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2026-09-24 11:43:30.918INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
title Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
spellingShingle Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
Angelozzi, Valentin
Soja
Rendimiento
Diferencia de Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Balance de Nitrógeno
Fijación Biológica del Nitrógeno
Soybeans
Yields
Yield Gap
Nitrogen
Nitrogen Balance
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
title_short Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
title_full Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
title_fullStr Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
title_sort Quantifying the nitrogen balance of high-yielding soybean with reduced yield gaps
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Angelozzi, Valentin
Salvagiotti, Fernando
Rotundo, Jose Luis
Di Mauro, Guido
author Angelozzi, Valentin
author_facet Angelozzi, Valentin
Salvagiotti, Fernando
Rotundo, Jose Luis
Di Mauro, Guido
author_role author
author2 Salvagiotti, Fernando
Rotundo, Jose Luis
Di Mauro, Guido
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Soja
Rendimiento
Diferencia de Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Balance de Nitrógeno
Fijación Biológica del Nitrógeno
Soybeans
Yields
Yield Gap
Nitrogen
Nitrogen Balance
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
topic Soja
Rendimiento
Diferencia de Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Balance de Nitrógeno
Fijación Biológica del Nitrógeno
Soybeans
Yields
Yield Gap
Nitrogen
Nitrogen Balance
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Context: Nitrogen (N) is the most extracted nutrient and exported by soybean crops, yet estimates of N balance in commercial farming systems with reduced yield gaps (i.e. difference between water-limited yield potential and farmers´ yield) remain limited. Objective: This study quantified the N balance and its components of high-yielding soybean systems at the farm scale in the Rolling Pampas region of Argentina. Methods: Twenty-three on-farm trials compared conventional management practices with a high-input strategy incorporating additional inputs not typically used by local farmers. We measured total N uptake, seed N removal, seed protein concentration, and the contributions of N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method, and from the soil (%Nsoil). We estimated the N-gap as the difference between N uptake and N derived from the atmosphere; and apparent N balance as the difference between N derived from the atmosphere and seed N removal. Results: High-input management increased total N uptake (3.5 %) and seed N removal (4 %), driven by 17 % increase in %Nsoil. However, %Ndfa remained unchanged. A strong positive relationship was found between %Ndfa and apparent N balance, with 72 % %Ndfa required to achieve neutral balance. Fields with low yield gaps (0–5 % yield gap) exhibited higher N uptake (14 %), %Ndfa (11 %), seed N removal (17 %), and improved N balances of −32 kg N ha −1 compared to −40 kg N ha −1 of fields with high yield gaps (15–20 % yield gap). Conclusions: Input intensification enhanced N uptake and removal but did not improve %Ndfa, exacerbating N balances. Fields with low yield gaps showed more favorable N balance than fields with high gaps. Implications: Sustainable improvements in N balance will require integrated, long-term management beyond single season input intensification.
EEA Oliveros
Fil: Angelozzi, Valentin. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; Argentina
Fil: Salvagiotti, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; Argentina
Fil: Salvagiotti, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; Argentina
Fil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Rotundo, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Di Mauro, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos; Argentina
Fil: Di Mauro, Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Di Mauro, Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
description Context: Nitrogen (N) is the most extracted nutrient and exported by soybean crops, yet estimates of N balance in commercial farming systems with reduced yield gaps (i.e. difference between water-limited yield potential and farmers´ yield) remain limited. Objective: This study quantified the N balance and its components of high-yielding soybean systems at the farm scale in the Rolling Pampas region of Argentina. Methods: Twenty-three on-farm trials compared conventional management practices with a high-input strategy incorporating additional inputs not typically used by local farmers. We measured total N uptake, seed N removal, seed protein concentration, and the contributions of N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), using the ¹⁵N natural abundance method, and from the soil (%Nsoil). We estimated the N-gap as the difference between N uptake and N derived from the atmosphere; and apparent N balance as the difference between N derived from the atmosphere and seed N removal. Results: High-input management increased total N uptake (3.5 %) and seed N removal (4 %), driven by 17 % increase in %Nsoil. However, %Ndfa remained unchanged. A strong positive relationship was found between %Ndfa and apparent N balance, with 72 % %Ndfa required to achieve neutral balance. Fields with low yield gaps (0–5 % yield gap) exhibited higher N uptake (14 %), %Ndfa (11 %), seed N removal (17 %), and improved N balances of −32 kg N ha −1 compared to −40 kg N ha −1 of fields with high yield gaps (15–20 % yield gap). Conclusions: Input intensification enhanced N uptake and removal but did not improve %Ndfa, exacerbating N balances. Fields with low yield gaps showed more favorable N balance than fields with high gaps. Implications: Sustainable improvements in N balance will require integrated, long-term management beyond single season input intensification.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026-07-22T12:58:08Z
2026-07-22T12:58:08Z
2026-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/27095
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429025004782
0378-4290
1872-6852
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110213
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/27095
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378429025004782
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110213
identifier_str_mv 0378-4290
1872-6852
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNCYO-1127032/AR./Tecnologías de manejo de cultivos en sistemas basados en cereales y oleaginosas, enfocadas en las demandas territoriales.
info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PE-E1-I011-001, Intensificacion Sustentable de la Agricultura en la Region Pampeana
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Field Crops Research 336 : 110213. (February 2026)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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