Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina

Autores
Arcidiácono, Rocío L.; Churquina, Nirvana N.; Rodríguez‑Souilla, Julián; Cellini, Juan Manuel; Lencinas, María Vanessa; Ferrer, Francisco; Peri, Pablo Luis; Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José
Año de publicación
2026
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Protected areas (PAs) constitute a fundamental strategy for mitigating biodiversity loss. The land–sparing approach has expanded in response to international agreements, but expansion of PAs does not guarantee conservation objectives. The objective was to assess PA effectiveness in conserving Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz (Argentina), evaluating human impacts associated with fires, animal uses, and harvesting. The research was conducted within pure native forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina. This province encompasses 52 protected areas, representing the highest concentration of conservation units within the forested landscapes across Argentina. At least eight PAs included N. antarctica forests. Three land tenure categories were evaluated: protected areas (PAs), a buffer of 15 km from PA boundaries on private lands (BL), and private lands (PL) outside the buffer. In total, 103 stands were sampled, where 38 variables were assessed (impacts, soil, forest structure, understory, and animal use). Three indices were developed to analyze ecosystem integrity: forest structure (FI), soil (SI), and animal use (AI). PAs presented the highest FI (0.64 for PA, 0.44 for BL, and 0.30 for PL) and AI (0.60 for PA, 0.55 for BL, and 0.52 for PL), and together with buffer areas, the highest SI (0.43 for PA, 0.47 for BL, and 0.32 for PL). PAs were clearly distinct from private lands; however, sustained actions for livestock exclusion, harvest regulation, and fire management remain necessary for future sustainable planning at the landscape level.
EEA Santa Cruz
Fil: Arcidiácono, Rocío L. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Churquina, Nirvana N. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Rodríguez‑Souilla, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Cellini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas; Argentina.
Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Departamento de Recursos Naturales; Argentina.
Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fuente
Land 15 (1) : 178 (January 2026)
Materia
Primary Forests
Environmental Impact
Fires
Animal Production
Biological Preservation
Soil
Undergrowth
Biodiversity
Monitoring
Resilience
Bosques Primarios
Nothofagus
Impacto Ambiental
Incendios
Producción Animal
Conservación Biológica
Suelo
Sotobosque
Biodiversidad
Vigilancia
Resiliencia
Santa Cruz
Nothofagus antarctica
Ñire
Areas Protegidas
Estructura Forestal
Uso Animal
Integridad del Ecosistema
Monitoreo
Región Patagónica
Protected Areas
Forest Structure
Animal Use
Ecosystem Integrity
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/25260
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spelling Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, ArgentinaArcidiácono, Rocío L.Churquina, Nirvana N.Rodríguez‑Souilla, JuliánCellini, Juan ManuelLencinas, María VanessaFerrer, FranciscoPeri, Pablo LuisMartínez Pastur, Guillermo JoséPrimary ForestsEnvironmental ImpactFiresAnimal ProductionBiological PreservationSoilUndergrowthBiodiversityMonitoringResilienceBosques PrimariosNothofagusImpacto AmbientalIncendiosProducción AnimalConservación BiológicaSueloSotobosqueBiodiversidadVigilanciaResilienciaSanta CruzNothofagus antarcticaÑireAreas ProtegidasEstructura ForestalUso AnimalIntegridad del EcosistemaMonitoreoRegión PatagónicaProtected AreasForest StructureAnimal UseEcosystem IntegrityProtected areas (PAs) constitute a fundamental strategy for mitigating biodiversity loss. The land–sparing approach has expanded in response to international agreements, but expansion of PAs does not guarantee conservation objectives. The objective was to assess PA effectiveness in conserving Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz (Argentina), evaluating human impacts associated with fires, animal uses, and harvesting. The research was conducted within pure native forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina. This province encompasses 52 protected areas, representing the highest concentration of conservation units within the forested landscapes across Argentina. At least eight PAs included N. antarctica forests. Three land tenure categories were evaluated: protected areas (PAs), a buffer of 15 km from PA boundaries on private lands (BL), and private lands (PL) outside the buffer. In total, 103 stands were sampled, where 38 variables were assessed (impacts, soil, forest structure, understory, and animal use). Three indices were developed to analyze ecosystem integrity: forest structure (FI), soil (SI), and animal use (AI). PAs presented the highest FI (0.64 for PA, 0.44 for BL, and 0.30 for PL) and AI (0.60 for PA, 0.55 for BL, and 0.52 for PL), and together with buffer areas, the highest SI (0.43 for PA, 0.47 for BL, and 0.32 for PL). PAs were clearly distinct from private lands; however, sustained actions for livestock exclusion, harvest regulation, and fire management remain necessary for future sustainable planning at the landscape level.EEA Santa CruzFil: Arcidiácono, Rocío L. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Churquina, Nirvana N. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez‑Souilla, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Cellini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas; Argentina.Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Departamento de Recursos Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.MDPI2026-02-20T14:39:37Z2026-02-20T14:39:37Z2026-01-18info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25260https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/15/1/178Arcidiácono R.L.; Churquina N.N.; Rodríguez-Souilla J.; Cellini J.M.; Lencinas M.V.; Ferrer F.; Peri P.L.; Martínez Pastur G. (2026) Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina. Land 15: 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/land150101782073-445Xhttps://doi.org/10.3390/land15010178Land 15 (1) : 178 (January 2026)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2026-10-01T10:24:53Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/25260instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2026-10-01 10:24:54.987INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
title Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
spellingShingle Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
Arcidiácono, Rocío L.
Primary Forests
Environmental Impact
Fires
Animal Production
Biological Preservation
Soil
Undergrowth
Biodiversity
Monitoring
Resilience
Bosques Primarios
Nothofagus
Impacto Ambiental
Incendios
Producción Animal
Conservación Biológica
Suelo
Sotobosque
Biodiversidad
Vigilancia
Resiliencia
Santa Cruz
Nothofagus antarctica
Ñire
Areas Protegidas
Estructura Forestal
Uso Animal
Integridad del Ecosistema
Monitoreo
Región Patagónica
Protected Areas
Forest Structure
Animal Use
Ecosystem Integrity
title_short Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
title_full Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
title_fullStr Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
title_sort Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Arcidiácono, Rocío L.
Churquina, Nirvana N.
Rodríguez‑Souilla, Julián
Cellini, Juan Manuel
Lencinas, María Vanessa
Ferrer, Francisco
Peri, Pablo Luis
Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José
author Arcidiácono, Rocío L.
author_facet Arcidiácono, Rocío L.
Churquina, Nirvana N.
Rodríguez‑Souilla, Julián
Cellini, Juan Manuel
Lencinas, María Vanessa
Ferrer, Francisco
Peri, Pablo Luis
Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José
author_role author
author2 Churquina, Nirvana N.
Rodríguez‑Souilla, Julián
Cellini, Juan Manuel
Lencinas, María Vanessa
Ferrer, Francisco
Peri, Pablo Luis
Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Primary Forests
Environmental Impact
Fires
Animal Production
Biological Preservation
Soil
Undergrowth
Biodiversity
Monitoring
Resilience
Bosques Primarios
Nothofagus
Impacto Ambiental
Incendios
Producción Animal
Conservación Biológica
Suelo
Sotobosque
Biodiversidad
Vigilancia
Resiliencia
Santa Cruz
Nothofagus antarctica
Ñire
Areas Protegidas
Estructura Forestal
Uso Animal
Integridad del Ecosistema
Monitoreo
Región Patagónica
Protected Areas
Forest Structure
Animal Use
Ecosystem Integrity
topic Primary Forests
Environmental Impact
Fires
Animal Production
Biological Preservation
Soil
Undergrowth
Biodiversity
Monitoring
Resilience
Bosques Primarios
Nothofagus
Impacto Ambiental
Incendios
Producción Animal
Conservación Biológica
Suelo
Sotobosque
Biodiversidad
Vigilancia
Resiliencia
Santa Cruz
Nothofagus antarctica
Ñire
Areas Protegidas
Estructura Forestal
Uso Animal
Integridad del Ecosistema
Monitoreo
Región Patagónica
Protected Areas
Forest Structure
Animal Use
Ecosystem Integrity
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Protected areas (PAs) constitute a fundamental strategy for mitigating biodiversity loss. The land–sparing approach has expanded in response to international agreements, but expansion of PAs does not guarantee conservation objectives. The objective was to assess PA effectiveness in conserving Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz (Argentina), evaluating human impacts associated with fires, animal uses, and harvesting. The research was conducted within pure native forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina. This province encompasses 52 protected areas, representing the highest concentration of conservation units within the forested landscapes across Argentina. At least eight PAs included N. antarctica forests. Three land tenure categories were evaluated: protected areas (PAs), a buffer of 15 km from PA boundaries on private lands (BL), and private lands (PL) outside the buffer. In total, 103 stands were sampled, where 38 variables were assessed (impacts, soil, forest structure, understory, and animal use). Three indices were developed to analyze ecosystem integrity: forest structure (FI), soil (SI), and animal use (AI). PAs presented the highest FI (0.64 for PA, 0.44 for BL, and 0.30 for PL) and AI (0.60 for PA, 0.55 for BL, and 0.52 for PL), and together with buffer areas, the highest SI (0.43 for PA, 0.47 for BL, and 0.32 for PL). PAs were clearly distinct from private lands; however, sustained actions for livestock exclusion, harvest regulation, and fire management remain necessary for future sustainable planning at the landscape level.
EEA Santa Cruz
Fil: Arcidiácono, Rocío L. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Churquina, Nirvana N. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Rodríguez‑Souilla, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Cellini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas; Argentina.
Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Departamento de Recursos Naturales; Argentina.
Fil: Ferrer, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.
description Protected areas (PAs) constitute a fundamental strategy for mitigating biodiversity loss. The land–sparing approach has expanded in response to international agreements, but expansion of PAs does not guarantee conservation objectives. The objective was to assess PA effectiveness in conserving Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz (Argentina), evaluating human impacts associated with fires, animal uses, and harvesting. The research was conducted within pure native forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina. This province encompasses 52 protected areas, representing the highest concentration of conservation units within the forested landscapes across Argentina. At least eight PAs included N. antarctica forests. Three land tenure categories were evaluated: protected areas (PAs), a buffer of 15 km from PA boundaries on private lands (BL), and private lands (PL) outside the buffer. In total, 103 stands were sampled, where 38 variables were assessed (impacts, soil, forest structure, understory, and animal use). Three indices were developed to analyze ecosystem integrity: forest structure (FI), soil (SI), and animal use (AI). PAs presented the highest FI (0.64 for PA, 0.44 for BL, and 0.30 for PL) and AI (0.60 for PA, 0.55 for BL, and 0.52 for PL), and together with buffer areas, the highest SI (0.43 for PA, 0.47 for BL, and 0.32 for PL). PAs were clearly distinct from private lands; however, sustained actions for livestock exclusion, harvest regulation, and fire management remain necessary for future sustainable planning at the landscape level.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026-02-20T14:39:37Z
2026-02-20T14:39:37Z
2026-01-18
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25260
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/15/1/178
Arcidiácono R.L.; Churquina N.N.; Rodríguez-Souilla J.; Cellini J.M.; Lencinas M.V.; Ferrer F.; Peri P.L.; Martínez Pastur G. (2026) Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina. Land 15: 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010178
2073-445X
https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010178
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25260
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/15/1/178
https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010178
identifier_str_mv Arcidiácono R.L.; Churquina N.N.; Rodríguez-Souilla J.; Cellini J.M.; Lencinas M.V.; Ferrer F.; Peri P.L.; Martínez Pastur G. (2026) Effectiveness of protected areas in the conservation of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Santa Cruz, Argentina. Land 15: 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010178
2073-445X
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Land 15 (1) : 178 (January 2026)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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