Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques

Autores
Tomasini, Eugenia; Córdova, María de los Milagros; Castro, María Ana; García, Ana Paula; Siracusano, Gabriela Paula
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The interdisciplinary study of mural paintings in rural churches of the Viceroyalty of Peru, dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, provides critical insights into the availability, provenance, and application of pigments used by colonial artists. This research focuses on murals from the churches of Marcapata and Canincunca in the Cuzco region. Microsamples from these murals were analyzed using micro-invasive techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Raman microspectroscopy. The study revealed a preparation layer of gypsum/anhydrite on adobe walls and a simple yet diverse palette of pigments. Red pigments included hematite (Fe₂O₃) and organic carmine dye, while green hues featured copper-based pigments such as antlerite (Cu₃SO₄(OH)₃) and posnjakite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆·H₂O), identified here for the first time as a major component in Andean mural paintings. Blue tones were achieved using indigo and smalt, a cobalt-containing glass pigment whose presence is still scarcely documented in Peruvian murals. These findings deepen our understanding of colonial pigment selection, preparation practices, and their deterioration mechanisms, contributing to sustainable conservation strategies. This study highlights the value of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing knowledge of Hispanic-American colonial art and its preservation as a vital component of cultural heritage.
Fil: Tomasini, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
Fil: Córdova, María de los Milagros. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Centro de Investigación en Arte, Materia y Cultura (UNTREF-IIAC); Argentina
Fil: Córdova, María de los Milagros. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Dirección Operativa. Gerencia Operativa de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación. Subgerencia Operativa de Áreas De Conocimiento. Dirección Técnica de Materiales avanzados. Departamento de Diseño de Materiales (INTI-GODTeI-SOAC); Argentina
Fil: Castro, María Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (UBA-Exactas-INQUIMAE); Argentina
Fil: Castro, María Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-INQUIMAE); Argentina
Fil: García, Ana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Dirección Operativa. Gerencia Operativa de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación. Subgerencia Operativa de Áreas De Conocimiento. Dirección Técnica de Materiales avanzados. Departamento de Diseño de Materiales (INTI-GODTeI-SOAC); Argentina
Fil: Siracusano, Gabriela Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
Fuente
ChemPlusChem 2025, e202500298
Materia
Pigmentos
Hematita
Microscopía electrónica de barrido
Restauración
Patrimonio
Perú
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
Del editor: "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tomasini, E., Córdova, M., Castro, M.A., García, A.L. and Siracusano, G. (2025), Identification of 17th–18th-Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Microinvasive Analytical Techniques. ChemPlusChem 2500298. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited."
Repositorio
Repositorio Institucional del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial
OAI Identificador
nuevadc:2025CordovaMilagros_pdf
Acceder
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spelling Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical TechniquesTomasini, EugeniaCórdova, María de los MilagrosCastro, María AnaGarcía, Ana PaulaSiracusano, Gabriela PaulaPigmentosHematitaMicroscopía electrónica de barridoRestauraciónPatrimonioPerúThe interdisciplinary study of mural paintings in rural churches of the Viceroyalty of Peru, dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, provides critical insights into the availability, provenance, and application of pigments used by colonial artists. This research focuses on murals from the churches of Marcapata and Canincunca in the Cuzco region. Microsamples from these murals were analyzed using micro-invasive techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Raman microspectroscopy. The study revealed a preparation layer of gypsum/anhydrite on adobe walls and a simple yet diverse palette of pigments. Red pigments included hematite (Fe₂O₃) and organic carmine dye, while green hues featured copper-based pigments such as antlerite (Cu₃SO₄(OH)₃) and posnjakite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆·H₂O), identified here for the first time as a major component in Andean mural paintings. Blue tones were achieved using indigo and smalt, a cobalt-containing glass pigment whose presence is still scarcely documented in Peruvian murals. These findings deepen our understanding of colonial pigment selection, preparation practices, and their deterioration mechanisms, contributing to sustainable conservation strategies. This study highlights the value of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing knowledge of Hispanic-American colonial art and its preservation as a vital component of cultural heritage.Fil: Tomasini, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Córdova, María de los Milagros. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Centro de Investigación en Arte, Materia y Cultura (UNTREF-IIAC); ArgentinaFil: Córdova, María de los Milagros. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Dirección Operativa. Gerencia Operativa de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación. Subgerencia Operativa de Áreas De Conocimiento. Dirección Técnica de Materiales avanzados. Departamento de Diseño de Materiales (INTI-GODTeI-SOAC); ArgentinaFil: Castro, María Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (UBA-Exactas-INQUIMAE); ArgentinaFil: Castro, María Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-INQUIMAE); ArgentinaFil: García, Ana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Dirección Operativa. Gerencia Operativa de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación. Subgerencia Operativa de Áreas De Conocimiento. Dirección Técnica de Materiales avanzados. Departamento de Diseño de Materiales (INTI-GODTeI-SOAC); ArgentinaFil: Siracusano, Gabriela Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaWiley2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdf2025CordovaMilagros.pdfhttps://app.inti.gob.ar/greenstone3/sites/localsite/collect/nuevadc/index/assoc/2025Cord/ovaMilag.dir/doc.pdfChemPlusChem 2025, e202500298reponame:Repositorio Institucional del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrialenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessDel editor: "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tomasini, E., Córdova, M., Castro, M.A., García, A.L. and Siracusano, G. (2025), Identification of 17th–18th-Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Microinvasive Analytical Techniques. ChemPlusChem 2500298. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited."openAccess2026-09-24T13:53:53Znuevadc:2025CordovaMilagros_pdfinstacron:INTIInstitucionalhttps://app.inti.gob.ar/greenstone3/biblioOrganismo científico-tecnológicohttps://argentina.gob.ar/intihttps://app.inti.gob.ar/greenstone3/oaiserver?verb=Identifypfalcato@inti.gob.arArgentinaopendoar:2026-09-24 13:53:55.925Repositorio Institucional del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrialfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
title Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
spellingShingle Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
Tomasini, Eugenia
Pigmentos
Hematita
Microscopía electrónica de barrido
Restauración
Patrimonio
Perú
title_short Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
title_full Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
title_fullStr Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
title_full_unstemmed Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
title_sort Identification of 17th-18th Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Micro-Invasive Analytical Techniques
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tomasini, Eugenia
Córdova, María de los Milagros
Castro, María Ana
García, Ana Paula
Siracusano, Gabriela Paula
author Tomasini, Eugenia
author_facet Tomasini, Eugenia
Córdova, María de los Milagros
Castro, María Ana
García, Ana Paula
Siracusano, Gabriela Paula
author_role author
author2 Córdova, María de los Milagros
Castro, María Ana
García, Ana Paula
Siracusano, Gabriela Paula
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Pigmentos
Hematita
Microscopía electrónica de barrido
Restauración
Patrimonio
Perú
topic Pigmentos
Hematita
Microscopía electrónica de barrido
Restauración
Patrimonio
Perú
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The interdisciplinary study of mural paintings in rural churches of the Viceroyalty of Peru, dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, provides critical insights into the availability, provenance, and application of pigments used by colonial artists. This research focuses on murals from the churches of Marcapata and Canincunca in the Cuzco region. Microsamples from these murals were analyzed using micro-invasive techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Raman microspectroscopy. The study revealed a preparation layer of gypsum/anhydrite on adobe walls and a simple yet diverse palette of pigments. Red pigments included hematite (Fe₂O₃) and organic carmine dye, while green hues featured copper-based pigments such as antlerite (Cu₃SO₄(OH)₃) and posnjakite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆·H₂O), identified here for the first time as a major component in Andean mural paintings. Blue tones were achieved using indigo and smalt, a cobalt-containing glass pigment whose presence is still scarcely documented in Peruvian murals. These findings deepen our understanding of colonial pigment selection, preparation practices, and their deterioration mechanisms, contributing to sustainable conservation strategies. This study highlights the value of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing knowledge of Hispanic-American colonial art and its preservation as a vital component of cultural heritage.
Fil: Tomasini, Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
Fil: Córdova, María de los Milagros. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Centro de Investigación en Arte, Materia y Cultura (UNTREF-IIAC); Argentina
Fil: Córdova, María de los Milagros. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Dirección Operativa. Gerencia Operativa de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación. Subgerencia Operativa de Áreas De Conocimiento. Dirección Técnica de Materiales avanzados. Departamento de Diseño de Materiales (INTI-GODTeI-SOAC); Argentina
Fil: Castro, María Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (UBA-Exactas-INQUIMAE); Argentina
Fil: Castro, María Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-INQUIMAE); Argentina
Fil: García, Ana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Dirección Operativa. Gerencia Operativa de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación. Subgerencia Operativa de Áreas De Conocimiento. Dirección Técnica de Materiales avanzados. Departamento de Diseño de Materiales (INTI-GODTeI-SOAC); Argentina
Fil: Siracusano, Gabriela Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Argentina
description The interdisciplinary study of mural paintings in rural churches of the Viceroyalty of Peru, dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, provides critical insights into the availability, provenance, and application of pigments used by colonial artists. This research focuses on murals from the churches of Marcapata and Canincunca in the Cuzco region. Microsamples from these murals were analyzed using micro-invasive techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Raman microspectroscopy. The study revealed a preparation layer of gypsum/anhydrite on adobe walls and a simple yet diverse palette of pigments. Red pigments included hematite (Fe₂O₃) and organic carmine dye, while green hues featured copper-based pigments such as antlerite (Cu₃SO₄(OH)₃) and posnjakite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆·H₂O), identified here for the first time as a major component in Andean mural paintings. Blue tones were achieved using indigo and smalt, a cobalt-containing glass pigment whose presence is still scarcely documented in Peruvian murals. These findings deepen our understanding of colonial pigment selection, preparation practices, and their deterioration mechanisms, contributing to sustainable conservation strategies. This study highlights the value of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing knowledge of Hispanic-American colonial art and its preservation as a vital component of cultural heritage.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 2025CordovaMilagros.pdf
https://app.inti.gob.ar/greenstone3/sites/localsite/collect/nuevadc/index/assoc/2025Cord/ovaMilag.dir/doc.pdf
identifier_str_mv 2025CordovaMilagros.pdf
url https://app.inti.gob.ar/greenstone3/sites/localsite/collect/nuevadc/index/assoc/2025Cord/ovaMilag.dir/doc.pdf
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Del editor: "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tomasini, E., Córdova, M., Castro, M.A., García, A.L. and Siracusano, G. (2025), Identification of 17th–18th-Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Microinvasive Analytical Techniques. ChemPlusChem 2500298. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited."
openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Del editor: "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tomasini, E., Córdova, M., Castro, M.A., García, A.L. and Siracusano, G. (2025), Identification of 17th–18th-Century Pictorial Materials in Church Mural Paintings in the Cuzco Area (Perú) Using Microinvasive Analytical Techniques. ChemPlusChem 2500298. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202500298. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited."
openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv ChemPlusChem 2025, e202500298
reponame:Repositorio Institucional del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial
reponame_str Repositorio Institucional del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI)
collection Repositorio Institucional del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial
repository.mail.fl_str_mv pfalcato@inti.gob.ar
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