V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System

Autores
Fernández Lajús, Eduardo Eusebio
Año de publicación
2026
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The formation and structural configuration of V Pup have not yet been fully understood. Here we report the detection that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. Through long-term photometric monitoring and a comprehensive analysis of multiple survey datasets, we have constructed an updated O − C curve showing two significant periodic variations. These cyclic modulations strongly suggest the presence of two additional stellar companions orbiting the central binary. Both the tertiary and quaternary components have B-type spectral classifications and are located at separations that are unresolved by Gaia. These findings indicate that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. The mass ratios among the four components are approximately 4:2:2:1, corresponding to the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary stars, respectively. The tertiary and quaternary components are approximately 1:2 apart from the central binary, and their orbital periods around the binary are approximately 1:3. It is likely that this system originated through disk fragmentation. This discovery suggests that V Pup may be an exceptional test bed. It could shed further light on the formation of massive multiple-star systems.
La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo.
Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas
Materia
Ciencias Astronómicas
Multiple stars
Eclipsing binary stars
Early stellar evolution
X-ray sources
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Repositorio
SEDICI (UNLP)
Institución
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
OAI Identificador
oai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/195991
Acceder
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repository_id_str 1329
network_name_str SEDICI (UNLP)
spelling V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple SystemFernández Lajús, Eduardo EusebioCiencias AstronómicasMultiple starsEclipsing binary starsEarly stellar evolutionX-ray sourcesThe formation and structural configuration of V Pup have not yet been fully understood. Here we report the detection that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. Through long-term photometric monitoring and a comprehensive analysis of multiple survey datasets, we have constructed an updated O − C curve showing two significant periodic variations. These cyclic modulations strongly suggest the presence of two additional stellar companions orbiting the central binary. Both the tertiary and quaternary components have B-type spectral classifications and are located at separations that are unresolved by Gaia. These findings indicate that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. The mass ratios among the four components are approximately 4:2:2:1, corresponding to the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary stars, respectively. The tertiary and quaternary components are approximately 1:2 apart from the central binary, and their orbital periods around the binary are approximately 1:3. It is likely that this system originated through disk fragmentation. This discovery suggests that V Pup may be an exceptional test bed. It could shed further light on the formation of massive multiple-star systems.La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticulohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/195991enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1538-4357info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ae4de8info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)reponame:SEDICI (UNLP)instname:Universidad Nacional de La Platainstacron:UNLP2026-06-23T11:17:12Zoai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/195991Institucionalhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/Universidad públicaNo correspondehttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/oai/snrdalira@sedici.unlp.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:13292026-06-23 11:17:13.057SEDICI (UNLP) - Universidad Nacional de La Platafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
title V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
spellingShingle V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
Fernández Lajús, Eduardo Eusebio
Ciencias Astronómicas
Multiple stars
Eclipsing binary stars
Early stellar evolution
X-ray sources
title_short V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
title_full V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
title_fullStr V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
title_full_unstemmed V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
title_sort V Pup: A Hierarchical Massive Quadruple System
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández Lajús, Eduardo Eusebio
author Fernández Lajús, Eduardo Eusebio
author_facet Fernández Lajús, Eduardo Eusebio
author_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias Astronómicas
Multiple stars
Eclipsing binary stars
Early stellar evolution
X-ray sources
topic Ciencias Astronómicas
Multiple stars
Eclipsing binary stars
Early stellar evolution
X-ray sources
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The formation and structural configuration of V Pup have not yet been fully understood. Here we report the detection that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. Through long-term photometric monitoring and a comprehensive analysis of multiple survey datasets, we have constructed an updated O − C curve showing two significant periodic variations. These cyclic modulations strongly suggest the presence of two additional stellar companions orbiting the central binary. Both the tertiary and quaternary components have B-type spectral classifications and are located at separations that are unresolved by Gaia. These findings indicate that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. The mass ratios among the four components are approximately 4:2:2:1, corresponding to the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary stars, respectively. The tertiary and quaternary components are approximately 1:2 apart from the central binary, and their orbital periods around the binary are approximately 1:3. It is likely that this system originated through disk fragmentation. This discovery suggests that V Pup may be an exceptional test bed. It could shed further light on the formation of massive multiple-star systems.
La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo.
Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas
description The formation and structural configuration of V Pup have not yet been fully understood. Here we report the detection that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. Through long-term photometric monitoring and a comprehensive analysis of multiple survey datasets, we have constructed an updated O − C curve showing two significant periodic variations. These cyclic modulations strongly suggest the presence of two additional stellar companions orbiting the central binary. Both the tertiary and quaternary components have B-type spectral classifications and are located at separations that are unresolved by Gaia. These findings indicate that V Pup is a massive hierarchical quadruple system. The mass ratios among the four components are approximately 4:2:2:1, corresponding to the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary stars, respectively. The tertiary and quaternary components are approximately 1:2 apart from the central binary, and their orbital periods around the binary are approximately 1:3. It is likely that this system originated through disk fragmentation. This discovery suggests that V Pup may be an exceptional test bed. It could shed further light on the formation of massive multiple-star systems.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Articulo
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/195991
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dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1538-4357
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3847/1538-4357/ae4de8
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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collection SEDICI (UNLP)
instname_str Universidad Nacional de La Plata
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repository.name.fl_str_mv SEDICI (UNLP) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata
repository.mail.fl_str_mv alira@sedici.unlp.edu.ar
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